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bark tannins → have a 50% inhibitory concentration of → approximately 600 mg COD L−1 (350 mg tannin solids L−1)
“The 50% inhibitory concentration of bark tannins averaged approximately 600 mg COD L−1 (350 mg tannin solids L−1).”
C. freundii and K. pneumoniae → lack → genes encoding enterotoxins
“Neither C. freundii nor K. pneumoniae possessed the genes encoding the enterotoxins Shiga-like toxin SLT IIA, heat-labile enterotoxin LT Ih, and heat-stable enterotoxin ST Ih, as indicated by PCR.”
organophosphorus pesticide residues → are below → FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius maximum residue limits
“In most samples pesticide residues were below the detection limits (0.0001 and 0.001 mg/kg), and most of the positive findings were a fraction (i.e., <0.09-18%) of the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius maximum residue limits (MRLs) except for dimethoate, which was ranged between 1 and 45%.”
dimethoate → exceeds → FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius maximum residue limit
“Only one sample contained dimethoate residue that exceeded the Codex MRL for refined olive oil.”
Salmonella Derby → lacks → pathogenicity islands 13 and 14, the fimbrial lpf operon, and other regions encoding metabolic functions
“Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis of S. Derby and S. Enteritidis revealed more than 350 genetic differences. S. Derby lacked pathogenicity islands 13 and 14, the fimbrial lpf operon, and other regions encoding metabolic functions.”
Codex standard → increase → world exports
“We estimate that world exports would rise by $38.8 billion if an international standard (Codex) were adopted, compared to the current divergent national standards in place.”
sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate → concentration → lower than the general standard of the Codex Alimentarius and the European legislation
“which were lower than the general standard of the Codex Alimentarius and the European legislation”
Bacillus coagulans 13002 → is safe → antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factor genes, toxin encoding genes
“Risk related sequences corresponding antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factor genes and toxin encoding genes were identified and confirmed to be safe associated with acute oral toxicology test, hemolytic assay and antibiotic resistance test.”
Bacillus siamensis strain B28 → does not contain → antibiotic resistance-, hemolysin-, or enterotoxin-encoding genes
“Strain B28 does not contain antibiotic resistance-, hemolysin- or enterotoxin-encoding genes”
“Biochemical and transcriptional analysis revealed that pCA and MeCA regulated the expression of some genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and their enzymatic activities, enhanced the phenylpropanoid pathway metabolism, and activated the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins.”
methyl p-coumarate (MeCA) → regulates → expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes
“Biochemical and transcriptional analysis revealed that pCA and MeCA regulated the expression of some genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and their enzymatic activities, enhanced the phenylpropanoid pathway metabolism, and activated the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins.”
p-coumaric acid (pCA) → activates → expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins
“Pine and birch bark water soluble COD acidified up to 70% after long term batch digestion of 7 weeks.”
pine and birch bark water soluble COD → acidified up to → 70% after long term batch digestion of 7 weeks
“The 50% inhibitory concentration of bark tannins averaged approximately 600 mg COD L−1 (350 mg tannin solids L−1).”
bark tannins → have a 50% inhibitory concentration of → approximately 600 mg COD L−1 (350 mg tannin solids L−1)
“Anaerobic biodegradability results indicated that 30 to 50% of the bark water soluble COD can be acidified to methanogenic substrates during short term digestion.”
bark water soluble COD → can be acidified to → methanogenic substrates during short term digestion