Toxic Terpenes from Artemisia Californica
J. Pat Halligan
Ecology
Abstract
The essential oil from Artemisia californica yeilds five terpenoids in major amounts: 1,8—cineole, artemisia ketone, α—thujone, isothujone, and camphor. Of these, camphor is most toxic, followed by 1,8—cineloe. Artemisia ketone is least toxic. Terpenoids found in minor amounts include β—pinene, borneol, and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon caryophyllene. These are intermediate in toxicity. Amount and composition of the essential oil change according to a seasonal pattern. A greater amount of essential oil is extractable in fall than in winter. Isothujone largely replaces α—thujone, and camphor becomes more abundant in late summer and fall. The soil and litter in stands of A. californica contain many of the same volatile substances as are in Artemisia foliage.
Extracted Claims
4 claims extracted from this paper into the knowledge graph
1,8—cineole is toxic
“1,8—cineole, artemisia ketone, α—thujone, isothujone, and camphor. Of these, camphor is most toxic, followed by 1,8—cineloe”
artemisia ketone is least toxic
“Artemisia ketone is least toxic”
β—pinene, borneol, and caryophyllene are intermediate in toxicity
“Terpenoids found in minor amounts include β—pinene, borneol, and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon caryophyllene. These are intermediate in toxicity”