Rice Starch Diversity: Effects on Structural, Morphological, Thermal, and Physicochemical Properties—A Review
Ali Abas Wani, Preeti Singh, Manzoor Ahmad Shah, Ute Schweiggert‐Weisz, Khalid Gul, Idrees Ahmed Wani
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
Abstract
Abstract: Rice starch is one of the major cereal starches with novel functional properties. Significant progress has been made in recent years on the characterization of rice starches separated from different rice cultivars. Studies have revealed that the molecular structure and functional properties are affected by rice germplasm, isolation procedure, climate, agronomic conditions, and grain development. Morphological studies (microscopy and particle size analysis) have reflected significant differences among rice starch granule shapes (polyhedral, irregular) and in granule size (2 to 7 μm). Nonwaxy and long‐grain rice starches show greater variation in granular size than the waxy starches. Rice starch granules are smaller than other cereal starches with amylose contents varying from virtually amylose‐free in waxy to about 35% in nonwaxy and long‐grain rice starches. Amylose content appears to be the major factor controlling almost all physicochemical properties of rice starch due to its influence on pasting, gelatinization, retrogradation, syneresis, and other functional properties. Waxy rice starches have high swelling and solubility parameters, and larger relative crystallinity values than nonwaxy and long‐grain starches. However, nonwaxy rice starches have a higher gelatinization temperature than the waxy and long‐grain starches. The bland taste, nonallergenicity, and smooth, creamy, and spreadable characteristics of rice starch make it unique and valuable in food and pharmaceutical applications. This review provides recent information on the variation in the molecular structure and functional properties of different rice starches.
Extracted Claims
6 claims extracted from this paper into the knowledge graph
waxy rice starches have high swelling and solubility parameters, and larger relative crystallinity values
“Waxy rice starches have high swelling and solubility parameters, and larger relative crystallinity values than nonwaxy and long‐grain starches.”
rice starch granules vary in granule size
“Morphological studies (microscopy and particle size analysis) have reflected significant differences among rice starch granule shapes (polyhedral, irregular) and in granule size (2 to 7 μm).”
amylose content controls physicochemical properties of rice starch
“Amylose content appears to be the major factor controlling almost all physicochemical properties of rice starch due to its influence on pasting, gelatinization, retrogradation, syneresis, and other fu...”