Ingredient
Buffalo
Source & License
Research Evidence
Safety thresholds
meat → has microbial load → 8.22 ± 0.14 log10 CFU/g (chicken), 8.29 ± 0.17 log10 CFU/g (pork), 7.87 ± 0.18 log10 CFU/g (buffalo), 7.92 ± 0.19 log10 CFU/g (goat)
“The mean total viable count values were found having a mean count of 8.22 ± 0.14, 8.29 ± 0.17, 7.87 ± 0.18 and 7.92 ± 0.19 in terms of log10 CFU/g ± Standard Error for chicken, pork, buffalo, and goat meat respectively.”
What science says
“Buffaloes are most important sources of milk for human consumption in several parts of the world including Pakistan. It is characterized by higher solids contents for being richer source of lipids, protein, lactose and minerals.”
buffalo milk → has higher solids content → lipids, protein, lactose, and minerals
“Buffalo milk has long been valued by its important chemical composition determining nutritive properties and suitability in the manufacture of traditional as well as industrial dairy products.”
buffalo milk → determines → nutritive properties and suitability in the manufacture of traditional and industrial dairy products
“Average contents of total solids, fat, lactose, crude protein, ash, specific gravity, and conjugated linoleic acid in the milk ranged from 16.39-18.48%, 6.57-7.97%, 4.49-4.73%, 4.59-5.37%, 0.91-0.92%, 1.0317-1.0380%, and 4.4-7.6 mg/g fat, respectively.”
water buffalo milk → contains → total solids
“Average contents of total solids, fat, lactose, crude protein, ash, specific gravity, and conjugated linoleic acid in the milk ranged from 16.39-18.48%, 6.57-7.97%, 4.49-4.73%, 4.59-5.37%, 0.91-0.92%, 1.0317-1.0380%, and 4.4-7.6 mg/g fat, respectively.”
water buffalo milk → contains → fat
“Average contents of total solids, fat, lactose, crude protein, ash, specific gravity, and conjugated linoleic acid in the milk ranged from 16.39-18.48%, 6.57-7.97%, 4.49-4.73%, 4.59-5.37%, 0.91-0.92%, 1.0317-1.0380%, and 4.4-7.6 mg/g fat, respectively.”
water buffalo milk → contains → lactose