Seven Enterococcus faecalis, one Lactococcus garvieae, and one Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis → showed the presence of → the int gene that is responsible for the transfer of tetracycline resistance
“Seven Enterococcus faecalis, one Lactococcus garvieae and one Lactoc. lactis subsp. lactis showed the presence of the int gene that is responsible for the transfer of tetracycline resistance.”
Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. → are resistant to → antibiotics
antibiotics: chloramphenicol,erythromycin,clindamycin,tetracycline
“some strains of Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. were resistant to antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, or tetracycline.”
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis MM217 → controlled → Listeria monocytogenes in Cheddar cheese
pediocin PA-1: produced by MM217pediocin titer: 64,000 AU per g after 1 day to 2,000 AU per g after 6 monthsinitial pathogen count: 10^3 CFU per mlpathogen count after 1 week: 10^2 CFU per gpathogen count after 3 months: 10 CFU per g
“In the experimental cheese made with strain MM217, the counts of L. monocytogenes decreased to 10^2 CFU per g within 1 week of ripening and then decreased to about 10 CFU per g within 3 months. The average titer of pediocin in the experimental cheese decreased from approximately 64,000 arbitrary units (AU) per g after 1 day to 2,000 AU per g after 6 months.”
Members of the genera Lactococcus and Lactobacillus → are most commonly regarded as → having the generally recognised safe status
“Members of the genera Lactococcus and Lactobacillus are most commonly regarded as having the generally recognised safe status.”
Lactococcus lactis → transfers → DNA
condition: transient presence of lactococcal donor strainenvironment: in vivo (digestive tract of mice)
“It was also shown that DNA transfer occurred even when the lactococcal donor strain was transient in the DT of the gnotobiotic host animals.”
Lactococcus lactis → transfers → DNA
environment: in vivo (digestive tract of mice)recipient_strains: facultative anaerobic streptococci
“When mice were associated with the whole human faecal flora, the plasmid pIL205 was transferred into some facultative anaerobic streptococci.”
Lactococcus lactis → transfers → DNA
environment: in vivo (digestive tract of mice)recipient_strain: Enterococcus faecalis
“DNA transfer was only observed to the E. faecalis strain: in vivo CmR E. faecalis transconjugants were isolated from sequentially multi-associated mice and when the recipient strains associated with the mice, they were a defined mixture of Bacteroides sp., Bifidobacterium sp., Peptostreptococcus sp. and E. faecalis strains.”
Lactococcus lactis → does not transfer → DNA
environment: in vitro and in vivo (digestive tract of mice)recipient_strains: Bacteroides sp.,Bifidobacterium sp.,Peptostreptococcus sp.
“In both cases, no gene transfer was observed to strictly anaerobic bacterial strains.”
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LL16 → confirmed → non-pathogenicity
“In silico analysis of L. lactis LL16 strain revealed non-pathogenicity and the absence of genes involved in transferable antimicrobial resistances, virulence, and formation of biogenic amines.”
Lactococcus garvieae FUA009 → was → safe
“We indicated that FUA009 was safe, which was confirmed by FUA009 being sensitive to multiple antibiotics, having no hemolytic activity, and being free of aggressive putative virulence factors.”