A Comprehensive Review of Biomimicry in Food: Biomimetic Foods, Food Processing, Food Packaging, Food Freezing, and Food Quality Inspection

Abstract

Biomimetic technologies, inspired by nature's design principles, are increasingly driving the food industry toward more sustainable, efficient, and health-focused systems. This review provides a comprehensive and critically integrated overview of biomimetic technologies across five major domains: biomimetic foods, food processing, food packaging, food freezing control, and food quality inspection. Biomimetic meat and dairy products, derived from plants, animal cells, or microorganisms, can approximate the sensory and nutritional profiles of conventional foods, while reducing reliance on livestock, improving animal welfare, and lowering environmental burdens. In food processing, robotic systems enhance efficiency, hygiene, and worker safety, whereas three-dimensional (3D) printing enables p