Recent trends and innovations in smart and AI-based food packaging: A review

Abstract

Food packaging is crucial for ensuring food safety, maintaining product quality, and reducing food waste. However, traditional packaging systems cannot provide real-time information or predictions about product status. This limitation impacts supply chain visibility and effective shelf-life management. To address these issues, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with innovative packaging methods, such as smart, active, intelligent, and biodegradable packaging, has become a promising approach. AI-enabled food packaging creates more responsive, accurate, and sustainable systems. It allows for real-time spoilage detection, predicts shelf-life, and improves traceability through machine learning and blockchain technologies. This review discusses recent advancements in AI-integrated smart p