Understanding Ligilactobacillus salivarius from Probiotic Properties to Omics Technology: A Review

Abstract

<i>Ligilactobacillus salivarius</i> (basonym: <i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i>, <i>L. salivarius</i>) is a type of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) commonly found in the oropharyngeal-gastrointestinal tract (OGT). It has gained significant attention due to its probiotic and functional properties as well as its various health-promoting roles. <i>L. salivarius</i> strains exhibit strong resistance and adhesion in the OGT along with outstanding antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, numerous <i>L. salivarius</i> strains have the ability to produce bacteriocins with antagonistic activity. These probiotic characteristics of <i>L. salivarius</i> indicate its remarkable potential in promoting favorable effects on human health. It has also been observed that <i>L. salivarius</i> has a positive effect on the composition of intestinal microbiota, thereby improving the metabolic profiling of intestinal microbiota, promoting a healthy and balanced internal environment. In recent years, multi-omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics have been employed to gain a deeper understanding of the roles and mechanisms of <i>L. salivarius</i> associated with its functional properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the probiotic characteristics of <i>L. salivarius</i>, containing its specific interactions with the host microflora, as well as insights from omics studies.