Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Critical Review on Structure, Preparation, Their Potential as a Food Bioactive Component, and Future Perspectives
Liuying Zhu, Hongyan Li, Ting Luo, Zeyuan Deng, Jing Li, Liufeng Zheng +1 more
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Abstract
Human milk is the gold standard for infant feeding. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a unique group of oligosaccharides in human milk. Great interest in HMOs has grown in recent years due to their positive effects on various aspects of infant health. HMOs provide various physiologic functions, including establishing a balanced infant's gut microbiota, strengthening the gastrointestinal barrier, preventing infections, and potential support to the immune system. However, the clinical application of HMOs is challenging due to their specificity to human milk and the difficulties and high costs associated with their isolation and synthesis. Here, the differences in oligosaccharides in human and other mammalian milk are compared, and the synthetic strategies to access HMOs are summarized. Additionally, the potential use and molecular mechanisms of HMOs as a new food bioactive component in different diseases, such as infection, necrotizing enterocolitis, diabetes, and allergy, are critically reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of HMOs in basic research and application are discussed.
Extracted Claims
3 claims extracted from this paper into the knowledge graph
HMOs have positive effects on various aspects of infant health
“Great interest in HMOs has grown in recent years due to their positive effects on various aspects of infant health.”
HMOs can be used as a new food bioactive component
“Additionally, the potential use and molecular mechanisms of HMOs as a new food bioactive component in different diseases, such as infection, necrotizing enterocolitis, diabetes, and allergy, are criti...”
human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provide various physiologic functions
“HMOs provide various physiologic functions, including establishing a balanced infant's gut microbiota, strengthening the gastrointestinal barrier, preventing infections, and potential support to the i...”