Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oils from Vietnamese Traditional Medicinal Plants

Abstract

Essential oils are promising as environmentally friendly and safe sources of pesticides for human use. Furthermore, they are also of interest as aromatherapeutic agents in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been evaluated as an important mechanism. The essential oils of some species in the genera <i>Callicarpa</i>, <i>Premna</i>, <i>Vitex</i> and <i>Karomia</i> of the family Lamiaceae were evaluated for inhibition of electric eel AChE using the Ellman method. The essential oils of <i>Callicarpa candicans</i> showed promising activity, with IC₅₀ values between 45.67 and 58.38 μg/mL. The essential oils of <i>Callicarpa sinuata, Callicarpa petelotii, Callicarpa nudiflora, Callicarpa erioclona</i> and <i>Vitex ajugifolia</i> showed good activity with IC₅₀ values between 28.71 and 54.69 μg/mL. The essential oils <i>Vitex trifolia</i> subsp. <i>trifolia</i> and <i>Callicarpa rubella</i> showed modest activity, with IC₅₀ values of 81.34 and 89.38, respectively. <i>trans</i>-Carveol showed an IC₅₀ value of 102.88 µg/mL. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed on the major components of the studied essential oils to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of potential inhibitors. The results obtained suggest that these essential oils may be used to control mosquito vectors that transmit pathogenic viruses or to support the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.