Recent Development of Probiotic Bifidobacteria for Treating Human Diseases

Abstract

<i>Bifidobacterium</i> is a non-spore-forming, Gram-positive, anaerobic probiotic actinobacterium and commonly found in the gut of infants and the uterine region of pregnant mothers. Like all probiotics, <i>Bifidobacteria</i> confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts, showing multifaceted probiotic effects. Examples include <i>B. bifidum, B. breve,</i> and <i>B. longum</i>, common <i>Bifidobacterium</i> strains employed to prevent and treat gastrointestinal disorders, including intestinal infections and cancers. Herein, we review the latest development in probiotic <i>Bifidobacteria</i> research, including studies on the therapeutic impact of <i>Bifidobacterial</i> species on human health and recent efforts in engineering <i>Bifidobacterium</i>. This review article would provide readers with a wholesome understanding of <i>Bifidobacteria</i> and its potentials to improve human health.