Monitoring Drinking Water Quality in Nationally Representative Household Surveys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Cross-Sectional Analysis of 27 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys 2014–2020
Robert Bain, Richard B. Johnston, Shane M. Khan, Attila Hancioglu, Tom Slaymaker
Environmental Health Perspectives
Abstract
Cross-sectional water quality data can be collected in household surveys and can be used to assess inequalities in service levels, to track the SDG indicator of SMDWs, and to examine risk factors for contamination. There is an urgent need for better risk management to reduce widespread exposure to fecal contamination through drinking water services in LMICs. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8459.
Concepts
Environmental healthWater qualityPoisson regressionWater supplyConfidence intervalWaterborne diseasesCluster (spacecraft)