nitrofuran and chloramphenicol → contaminates → P. monodon
years: 2008, 2009, 2010percentage: 12.65%, 15.79%, 11.85%
“Antibiotic residue d”
nitrofuran and chloramphenicol → contaminates → M. rosenbergii
years: 2008, 2009, 2010percentage: 17.74%, 22.89%, 13.60%
“The percentage of contamination with this banned antibiotics in M. rosenbergii samples were 17.74%, 22.89%, 13.60% in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively.”
Salmonella typhimurium DT104 → is resistant to → ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline
“Salmonella typhimurium DT104 strains are commonly resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.”
Lactobacillus kefiri → is resistant to → chloramphenicol
strains: two
“meanwhile, two strains were resistant to chloramphenicol”
Escherichia coli O26, O103, O111, O128, and O145 → are resistant to → chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
“approximately 25% were resistant to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid”
antibiotic resistance → lowest against → chloramphenicol, tetracycline and nalidixic acid
“lowest against chloramphenicol, tetracycline and nalidixic acid”
Enterococcus faecium YF5 → is sensitive to → amoxicillin, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol
“In addition, E. faecium YF5 was sensitive to 3 antibiotics such as amoxicillin, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol.”
lactic acid bacteria → showed sensitivity to → ampicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin
“A high sensitivity prevalence to ampicillin (AMP, 100%), gentamicin (GEN, 96.3%), kanamycin (KAN, 96.3%), clindamycin (CLI, 85.2%), chloramphenicol (CHL, 92.6%) and streptomycin (STR, 88.9%) while moderate and high resistance against erythromycin (ERY, 48%) and tetracycline (TET, 79%) respectively, were determined.”
Streptococcus spp. → be resistant to → chloramphenicol
percentage: 10%
“<i>Streptococcus</i> spp. were resistant to vancomycin (40%), erythromycin (10%), chloramphenicol (10%), gentamicin (20%), and ciprofloxacin (30%).”
Campylobacter → has low resistance to → chloramphenicol
resistance_percentage: 7.6%
“A high percentage of Campylobacter spp. were resistant to tetracycline (76.9%) and ampicillin (69.2%), whilst low resistance was exhibited to chloramphenicol (7.6%).”