What You Need to Know
Earthworms secrete cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes that hydrolyze plant polymers, releasing sugars that are further fermented by gut microbes into organic acids and ammonia, lowering the substrate pH to 5.5–6.5. The combined biological activity transforms raw organic matter into stable humic substances and nitrogen‑rich castings.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose by earthworm secreted enzymes