What You Need to Know
In a mixture of gases, each constituent gas has a partial pressure which is the notional pressure of that constituent gas as if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. The total pressure of an ideal gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture. Partial pressure can be highlighted with a thought experiment using semipermeable pistons, as underlined by Boltzmann, Gibbs and Planck.
Steps
- 1.
Vacuum-distilled essential oils (Middle Eastern cuisine): Preserves delicate floral aromas
- 2.
Rotary evaporation extracts (Modernist cuisine): Concentrates flavors at low temperatures
- 3.
Fractional distillation of spirits (European distilling traditions): Separates congeners by volatility
The Science
Primary Reaction
Vapor-liquid equilibrium