What You Need to Know
Acoustic waves (20–100 kHz) generate cavitation bubbles whose implosion produces intense shear forces that overcome interfacial tension, fragmenting droplets to <200 nm. The process is governed by the balance of acoustic power density, continuous‑phase viscosity, and temperature rise, which can promote free‑radical formation and lipid oxidation if uncontrolled.
The Science
Primary Reaction
acoustic cavitation‑induced shear leading to droplet breakup