What You Need to Know
The fermentation of honey sugars (glucose and fructose) by Saccharomyces-like yeasts produces ethanol and CO₂, while high honey concentrations can cause osmotic stress that stalls yeast activity. Lactic acid bacteria may contaminate the brew, generating sour off‑flavors and reducing ethanol yield.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Glucose + Fructose → Ethanol + CO₂ (yeast fermentation)