What You Need to Know
During fermentation, Lactobacillus spp., Leuconostoc spp., and Streptococcus thermophilus metabolise lactose to produce lactic acid, lowering the pH to 4.0‑4.5. The acid precipitates casein micelles, forming curd. The process also generates flavour compounds such as diacetyl and acetaldehyde.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Lactose → Lactic acid (via lactic acid bacteria)