What You Need to Know
During the koji stage, Aspergillus oryzae secretes α‑ and β‑amylases that hydrolyze rice starch into maltose and glucose, which are then fermented by yeast into ethanol, acetic acid, and other flavor compounds. The process requires precise temperature and time control to balance saccharification, fermentation, and safety.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Starch → maltose + glucose (α‑/β‑amylase) → ethanol + CO₂ (yeast fermentation)