What You Need to Know
In lacto-fermentation, lactic acid bacteria convert sugars into lactic acid, reducing pH to below 4.6 and creating an environment hostile to spoilage organisms. Vinegar pickling introduces acetic acid directly, achieving a pH around 3.5 that inhibits microbial growth while maintaining crisp texture.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Fermentation of sugars to lactic acid (lacto-fermentation) or acidification by acetic acid (vinegar pickling)