What You Need to Know
In lacto-fermentation, heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria convert vegetable sugars into lactic acid, lowering pH to ≤4.6 and inhibiting spoilage microbes. Vinegar-based pickles achieve preservation by immersing vegetables in a 5‑7 % acetic acid solution (pH ≈ 2.5‑3.5) and, when heat-processed, by boiling the brine to inactivate spores and enzymes.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Fermentation of sugars to lactic acid and acidification with acetic acid