What You Need to Know
During baking, starch granules absorb moisture and swell at 70–80 °C, then gelatinize, while proteins unfold around 80–100 °C, creating a cohesive matrix. The Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids begins at 140–165 °C, producing melanoidins that give browned edges and complex flavor notes.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Starch gelatinization and protein denaturation under dry heat