What You Need to Know
Yeast metabolizes sugars to CO₂ and ethanol, while lactic acid bacteria in sourdough produce lactic acid, lowering pH and strengthening gluten via disulfide bonds. Temperature and hydration modulate enzyme activity and gluten network extensibility, determining crumb structure and flavor.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Yeast fermentation of sugars to CO₂ and ethanol, with lactic acid bacteria producing lactic acid in sourdough