What You Need to Know
The process relies on the ionic cross‑linking of alginate chains by Ca²⁺ ions, forming egg‑box junctions that create a semi‑solid gel. By precisely controlling alginate concentration, calcium bath strength, flow rate, temperature, and pH, the gelation kinetics can be tuned to produce spheres of defined size, texture, and release properties at industrial scale.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Alginate + Ca²⁺ → Calcium alginate gel (egg‑box cross‑linking)