What You Need to Know
During fermentation, lactic acid bacteria convert sugars to lactic acid, lowering pH to 3.5–4.0, while acetic acid bacteria oxidize ethanol to acetic acid, raising temperature to 35–40 °C and generating key flavor precursors such as acetaldehyde and diacetyl.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Fermentation of sugars by LAB and AAB producing lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and diacetyl