What You Need to Know
The dish relies on Maillard browning and caramelization of tomato sugars during sautéing, followed by starch gelatinization during simmering. Acidic tomatoes (~pH 4.5–5.0) slow Maillard reactions, preserving color, while oil creates a heat‑carrying layer that carries lipophilic spices into the grains.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Maillard browning and caramelization of tomato sugars; starch gelatinization during simmering