Industrial Process
Combines extrusion with cold plasma treatment to modify protein structures for improved texture and binding.
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Cold plasma (10–100 W, 1–5 kHz frequency) is applied during high-moisture extrusion (50–80% moisture, 100–200°C barrel temps, 200–500 RPM screw speed) to induce protein crosslinking via reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS).…
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